Three Questions
by Leo Tolstoy
It
once occurred to a certain king, that if he always knew the right time to begin
everything; if he knew who were the right people to listen to, and whom to
avoid, and, above all, if he always knew what was the most important thing to
do, he would never fail in anything he might undertake.
And this thought
having occurred to him, he had it proclaimed throughout his kingdom that he
would give a great reward to anyone who would teach him what was the right time
for every action, and who were the most necessary people, and how he might know
what was the most important thing to do.
And learned men
came to the King, but they all answered his questions differently.
In reply to the
first question, some said that to know the right time for every action, one
must draw up in advance, a table of days, months and years, and must live
strictly according to it. Only thus, said they, could everything be done at its
proper time. Others declared that it was impossible to decide beforehand the
right time for every action; but that, not letting oneself be absorbed in idle
pastimes, one should always attend to all that was going on, and then do what
was most needful. Others, again, said that however attentive the King might be
to what was going on, it was impossible for one man to decide correctly the
right time for every action, but that he should have a Council of wise men, who
would help him to fix the proper time for everything.
But then again
others said there were some things which could not wait to be laid before a
Council, but about which one had at once to decide whether to undertake them or
not. But in order to decide that one must know beforehand what was going to
happen. It is only magicians who know that; and, therefore in order to know the
right time for every action, one must consult magicians.
Equally various
were the answers to the second question. Some said, the people the King most
needed were his councilors; others, the priests; others, the doctors; while
some said the warriors were the most necessary.
To the third
question, as to what was the most important occupation: some replied that the
most important thing in the world was science. Others said it was skill in
warfare; and others, again, that it was religious worship.
All the answers
being different, the King agreed with none of them, and gave the reward to
none. But still wishing to find the right answers to his questions, he decided
to consult a hermit, widely renowned for his wisdom.
The hermit lived
in a wood which he never quitted and he received none but common folk. So the
King put on simple clothes, and before reaching the hermit's cell dismounted
from his horse, and, leaving his bodyguard behind, went on alone.
When the King
approached, the hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut. Seeing the
King, he greeted him and went on digging. The hermit was frail and weak, and
each time he stuck his spade into the ground and turned a little earth, he
breathed heavily.
The King went up
to him and said: 'I have come to you, wise hermit, to ask you to answer three
questions: How can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? Who are the
people I most need, and to whom should I, therefore, pay more attention than to
the rest? And, what affairs are the most important and need my first
attention?'
The hermit
listened to the King, but answered nothing. He just spat on his hand and
recommenced digging.
'You are tired,'
said the King, 'let me take the spade and work awhile for you.'
'Thanks!' said
the hermit, and, giving the spade to the King, he sat down on the ground.
When he had dug
two beds, the King stopped and repeated his questions. The hermit again gave no
answer, but rose, stretched out his hand for the spade, and said:
'Now rest awhile
-- and let me work a bit.'
But the King did
not give him the spade, and continued to dig. One hour passed, and another. The
sun began to sink behind the trees, and the King at last stuck the spade into
the ground, and said:
'I came to you,
wise man, for an answer to my questions. If you can give me none, tell me so, and
I will return home.'
'Here comes
someone running,' said the hermit, 'let us see who it is.'
The King turned
round, and saw a bearded man come running out of the wood. The man held his
hands pressed against his stomach, and blood was flowing from under them. When
he reached the King, he fell fainting on the ground moaning feebly. The King
and the hermit unfastened the man's clothing. There was a large wound in his
stomach. The King washed it as best he could, and bandaged it with his
handkerchief and with a towel the hermit had. But the blood would not stop
flowing, and the King again and again removed the bandage soaked with warm
blood, and washed and redressed the wound. When at last the blood ceased
flowing, the man revived and asked for something to drink. The King brought
fresh water and gave it to him. Meanwhile the sun had set, and it had become
cool. So the King, with the hermit's help, carried the wounded man into the hut
and laid him on the bed. Lying on the bed the man closed his eyes and was quiet;
but the King was so tired with his walk and with the work he had done, that he
crouched down on the threshold, and also fell asleep -- so soundly that he
slept all through the short summer night. When he awoke in the morning, it was
long before he could remember where he was, or who was the strange bearded man
lying on the bed and gazing intently at him with shining eyes.
'Forgive me!'
said the bearded man in a weak voice, when he saw that the King was awake and
was looking at him.
'I do not know
you, and have nothing to forgive you for,' said the King.
'You do not know
me, but I know you. I am that enemy of yours who swore to revenge himself on
you, because you executed his brother and seized his property. I knew you had
gone alone to see the hermit, and I resolved to kill you on your way back. But
the day passed and you did not return. So I came out from my ambush to find
you, and I came upon your bodyguard, and they recognized me, and wounded me. I
escaped from them, but should have bled to death had you not dressed my wound.
I wished to kill you, and you have saved my life. Now, if I live, and if you
wish it, I will serve you as your most faithful slave, and will bid my sons do
the same. Forgive me!'
The King was
very glad to have made peace with his enemy so easily, and to have gained him
for a friend, and he not only forgave him, but said he would send his servants
and his own physician to attend him, and promised to restore his property.
Having taken
leave of the wounded man, the King went out into the porch and looked around
for the hermit. Before going away he wished once more to beg an answer to the
questions he had put. The hermit was outside, on his knees, sowing seeds in the
beds that had been dug the day before.
The King
approached him, and said:
'For the last
time, I pray you to answer my questions, wise man.'
'You have
already been answered!' said the hermit still crouching on his thin legs, and
looking up at the King, who stood before him.
'How answered?
What do you mean?' asked the King.
'Do you not see,' replied the hermit. 'If you had not
pitied my weakness yesterday, and had not dug these beds for me, but had gone
your way, that man would have attacked you, and you would have repented of not
having stayed with me. So the most important time was when you were digging the
beds; and I was the most important man; and to do me good was your most
important business. Afterwards, when that man ran to us, the most important
time was when you were attending to him, for if you had not bound up his wounds
he would have died without having made peace with you. So he was the most
important man, and what you did for him was your most important business.
Remember then: there is only one time that is important -- Now! It is the most important time because
it is the only time when we have any power. The most necessary man is he with
whom you are, for no man knows whether he will ever have dealings with anyone
else: and the most important affair is, to do him good, because for that
purpose alone was man sent into this life!